Are the COVID-19 survivors future patients of psychiatrists and psychologists A rapid literature review

Studies of patients treated for viral respiratory diseases have shown a higher level of PTSD, psychological stress, obsessive-compulsive disorders, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, psychoactive substance abuse and social anxiety than in the general population. Probably COVID-19 would cause similar, long-Term health consequences in the group of survivors. The research aims to evaluate the mental health problems of COVID-19 survivors. The databases MEDLINE (by PubMed), EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched. The articles published between 1st of January and 30 of December 2020 were analysed. Out of 142 articles, 40 papers were analyzed, fifteen of them were research articles, four a systematic review, and 21 were a literature review. The analysis confirmed the occurrence of mood disorder, PTSD, a decrease of cognitive functions, quality of life and life independence in the group of COVID-19 survivors. The results are confirmed both in comparative and cohort studies. Age, psychiatric treatment history, life independence and treatment in the ICU should be perceived as risk factors of worsening mental disorders, deterioration of cognitive functions and loss of life independence because of COVID-19. Those consequences are based on physiological, psychological and social pathomechanisms. Physical and mental problems should be expected in a group of COVID-19 survivors. It requires taking preventive actions during the patient s stay in an infectious disease hospital and creating multi-specialist therapeutic programs. There is a need for future randomized screening and comparison studies in this issue.

Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries

National governments took action to delay the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by implementing different containment measures. We developed an online survey that included 44 different containment measures. We aimed to assess how effective citizens perceive these measures, which measures are perceived as violation of citizens' personal freedoms, which opinions and demographic factors have an effect on compliance with the measures, and what governments can do to most effectively improve citizens' compliance. The survey was disseminated in 11 countries: UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. We acquired 9543 unique responses. Our findings show significant differences across countries in perceived effectiveness, restrictiveness, and compliance. Governments that suffer low levels of trust should put more effort into persuading citizens, especially men, in the effectiveness of the proposed measures. They should provide financial compensation to citizens who have lost their job or income due to the containment measures to improve measure compliance. Policymakers should implement the least restrictive and most effective public health measures first during pandemic emergencies instead of implementing a combination of many restrictive measures, which has the opposite effect on citizens' adherence and undermines human rights.